| 9,277 | 28 | 2234 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
太空资源开发与利用是目前大国博弈的新疆域,也是科技竞争的制高点,承载着未来人类文明可持续发展的希望,更是关乎我国未来发展的一个重大战略问题.本文在详细介绍太空采矿发展现状的基础上,描绘了太空资源开采目标,分析了开发与利用这些目标上所蕴含资源的可能性,认为基于现代技术及空间资源价值,开采近地小行星上的矿产资源是人类发展的大趋势.提出了太空采矿迫切需要开展研究的四个重点方向,分别为太空资源探测、太空采矿智能机器人平台设计与制造、太空资源勘探与采选和太空采矿空间安全与资源原位利用,并构筑了我国太空采矿发展的愿景.
Abstract：The exploration and utilization of space resources is a new area of competition amongst powerful countries in the world as well as the new high point of competition in science and technology. It bears the future and confidence of sustainable developments of human society. It is also a great strategic issue of national security and prosperity in the future. This paper first introduced the current status and the potential targets of space resources exploration. It elaborates on the possibility and feasibility of mining these potential off-the-earth targets and utilizing the resources in-situ. It was concluded that, based on the current level of scientific and technological development and the potential value of known space resources, mining the near-earth asteroids as the first step is feasible and will be one of the mega trends of space resources exploration. The priorities of space mining that need urgent attention are identified, this includes but not limited to the space resources exploitation, space intelligent robots related design and manufacture, prospect and mining of space resources, safety and in-situ utilization of space resources.Meanwhile, the vision of space mining development in China has been constructed.
[1]BRITISH PETROLEUM COMPANY.Statistical review of world energy[EB/OL].(2020-05-13)[2020-05-13].https：//www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html.
[2]POTTS M.Population and environment in the twenty-first century[J].Population and Environment,2007,28(4/5):204-211.
[3]KRAUSMANN F,GINGRICH S,EISENMENGERN,et al.Growth in global materials use,GDP and population during the 20th century[J].Ecological E-conomics,2009,68(10):2696-2705.
[4]BBC.Expedition new earth[EB/OL].(2020-01-01)[2020-01-01].https：//www.bbcstudios.com.au/shows/expedition-new-earth/.
[5]SANCHEZ J P,MCINNES C R.Assessment on the feasibility of future shepherding of asteroidresources[J].Acta Astronautica,2012,73:49-66.
[6]SCHERB F.Hydrogen production rates from ground-based Fabry-Perot observations of comet Kohoutek[J].The Astrophysical Journal Letters,1981,243:644.
[7]QIAN Y Q,XIAO L,YIN S,et al.The regolith properties of the Chang’e-5landing region and the ground drilling experiments using lunar regolith simulants[J].Icarus,2020,337:113508.
[8]ZACNY K,PAULSEN G,SZCZESIAK M,et al.LunarVader:Development and testing of lunar drill in vacuum chamber and in lunar analog site of Antarctica[J].Journal of Aerospace Engineering,2013,26(1):74-86.
[9]KOMLE N I,WEISS P,YUNG K L.Considerations on a suction drill for lunar surface drilling and sampling:I.Feasibility study[J].Acta Geotechnica,2008,3(3):201-214.
[10]ANAND M,CRAWFORD I A,BALAT-PICHE-LIN M,et al.A brief review of chemical and mineralogical resources on the moon and likely initial in situ resource utilization (ISRU)applications[J].Planetary and Space Science,2012,74(1):42-48.
[11]MEYEN F E,HECHT M H,HOFFMANJ A.Thermodynamic model of Mars oxygen ISRU experiment (MOXIE)[J].Acta Astronautica,2016,129:82-87.
[12]GREENWOOD J P,KARATO S I,VANDERKAADEN K E,et al.Water and volatile inventories of mercury,Venus,the moon,and Mars[J].Space Science Reviews,2018,214(5):92.
[13]TAKIR D,REDDY V,SANCHEZ J A,et al.Detection of water and/or hydroxyl on asteroid(16)psyche[J].The Astronomical Journal,2016,153(1):31.
[14]WIKIPEDIA.United States space force[EB/OL].(2019-12-26)[2019-12-26].https：//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Space_Force.
[15]MCCARTHY K.H.R.2262-U.S.Commercial space launch competitiveness act[EB/OL].(2015-05-12)[2015-05-12].https：//www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/2262/text.
[16]RIVKIN A S,DAVIES J K,JOHNSON J R,et al.Hydrogen concentrations on C-class asteroids derived from remote sensing[J].Meteoritics&Planetary Science,2003,38(9):1383-1398.
[17]NASA.Osiris-rex asteroid sample return mission.[EB/OL].(2019-12-26)[2019-12-26].https：//www.asteroidmission.org/.
[18]REDD T.Osiris-rex:bringing home pieces of an asteroid[EB/OL].(2018-08-23)[2018-08-23].https：//www.space.com/33776-osiris-rex.html.
[19]AVDELLIDOU C,DELBO’M,FIENGA A.Exogenous origin of hydration on asteroid(16)psyche:The role of hydrated asteroid families[J].Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,2018,475(3):3419-3428.
[20]ZALESKI A.Luxembourg leads the trillion-dollar race to become the Silicon Valley of asteroid mining[EB/OL].(2018-4-16)[2018-4-16].https：//www.cnbc.com/2018/04/16/luxembourg-vies-to-becomethe-silicon-valley-of-asteroid-mining.html.
[21]JAXA.Asteroid explorer"Hayabusa2"[EB/OL].(2018-07-25)[2018-07-25].http：//global.jaxa.jp/projects/sas/hayabusa2.
[22]LEWICKI C,DIAMANDIS P,ANDERSON E,et al.Planetary resources:The asteroid mining company[J].New Space,2013,1(2):105-108.
[23]BIRD J.Asteroids to serve asrefuelling stations for space exploration[EB/OL].(2018-3-29)[2018-3-29].https：//www.ft.com/content/db59c288-1247-11e8-a765-993b2440bd73.
[24]PLANETARY RESOURCES.ConsenSys acquires planetary resources[EB/OL].(2020-01-01)[2020-01-01].https：//www.planetaryresources.com/2018/10/consensys-acquires-planetary-resources/.
[25]WHITE W.The space pioneer act[EB/OL].(2014-10-27)[2014-10-27].http：//www.thespacereview.com/article/2627/1.
[26]SPACE NEWS.Deep space industries acquired bybradford space[EB/OL].(2020-01-01)[2020-01-01].https：//spacenews.com/deep-space-industriesacquired-by-bradford-space/.
[27]HENNIGAN W J.MoonEx aims to scour moon for rare materials[EB/OL].(2011-04-08)[2011-04-08].http：//articles.latimes.com/2011/apr/08/business/la-fi-moon-venture-20110408.
[28]KELELLC.Kepler Energy&Space Engineering LLC Development Plan for Space and Energy,S.C.[EB/OL].(2020-01-01)[2020-01-01].https：//slideplayer.com/slide/10159992/.
[29]ORIGIN SPACE.Why origin space[EB/OL].(2019-12-26)[2019-12-26].https：//origin.space/why-origin-space_en/.
[30]COLORADO SCHOOL of MINES.Mines new space resources program featured at cpr’s colorado matters[EB/OL].(2018-08-13)[2018-08-13].https：//space.mines.edu/mines-new-space-resourcesprogram-featured-at-cprs-colorado-matters/.
[31]UNIVERSITY of LUXEMBOURG.Interdisciplinary spacemaster[EB/OL].(2019-12-26)[2019-12-26].https：//wwwen.uni.lu/studies/fstc/interdisciplinary_space_master.
[32]中国矿业大学.太空采矿国际研究中心[EB/OL].(2020-01-01)[2020-01-01].http：//cesi.cumt.edu.cn/fd/e3/c11177a392675/page.htm.CHINA UNIVERSITY of MINING and TECH-NOLOGY.International research center for space mining[EB/OL].(2020-01-01)[2020-01-01].http：//cesi.cumt.edu.cn/fd/e3/c11177a392675/page.htm.
[33]JOHNSON J R,LARSON S M,SINGER R B.Remote sensing of potential lunar resources:1.Nearside compositional properties[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1991,96 (E3):18861.
[34]CRAWFORD I A.Lunarresources[J].Progress in Physical Geography:Earth and Environment,2015,39(2):137-167.
[35]LUCEY P G,BLEWETT D T,HAWKE B R.Mapping the FeO and TiO2content of the lunar surface with multispectral imagery[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Planets,1998,103(E2):3679-3699.
[36]欧阳自远,邹永廖,李春来,等.月球某些资源的开发利用前景[J].地球科学,2002,27(5):498-503.OUYANG Ziyuan,ZOU Yongliao,LI Chunlai,et al.Prospect of exploration and utilization of some lunar resources[J].Earth Science,2002,27(5):498-503.
[37]LAWRENCE D J.Global elemental maps of the moon:The lunar prospector gamma-rayspectrometer[J].Science,1998,281(5382):1484-1489.
[38]FA W Z,JIN Y Q.Quantitative estimation of helium-3spatial distribution in the lunar regolith layer[J].Icarus,2007,190(1):15-23.
[39]BELL J F,MCSWEEN H Y J,CRISP J A,et al.Mineralogic and compositional properties of Martian soil and dust:Results from Mars Pathfinder[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Planets,2000,105(E1):1721-1755.
[40]MILLIKEN R E,BISH D L.Sources and sinks of clay minerals on Mars[J].Philosophical Magazine,2010,90(17/18):2293-2308.
[41]WEST M D,CLARKE J D A.Potential Martian mineral resources:Mechanisms and terrestrial analogues[J].Planetary and Space Science,2010,58(4):574-582.
[42]OJHA L,WILHELM M B,MURCHIE S L,et al.Spectral evidence for hydrated salts in recurring slopelineae on Mars[J].Nature Geoscience,2015,8(11):829-832.
[43]MORBIDELLI A,BOTTKE W F,NESVORNYD,et al.Asteroids were born big[J].Icarus,2009,204(2):558-573.
[44]HARRIS A W,D’ABRAMO G.The population of near-earth asteroids[J].Icarus,2015,257:302-312.
[45]HIROI T,PIETERS C M,ZOLENSKY M E,et al.Evidence of thermal metamorphism on the C,G,B,and F asteroids[J].Science,1993,261(5124):1016-1018.
[46]MATTER A,DELBO M,CARRY B,et al.Evidence of a metal-rich surface for the Asteroid (16)Psyche from interferometric observations in the thermal infrared[J].Icarus,2013,226(1):419-427.
[47]KARGEL J S.Metalliferous asteroids as potential sources of precious metals[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1994,99(E10):21129.
[48]BROPHY J R,FRIEDMAN L,CULICK F.Asteroidretrieval feasibility[C]//2012IEEE Aerospace Conference,March 3-10,2012.Big Sky,MT.IEEE,2012:1-16.
[49]吴伟仁,王琼,唐玉华,等.“嫦娥4号”月球背面软着陆任务设计[J].深空探测学报,2017,4(2):111-117.WU Weiren,WANG Qiong,TANG Yuhua,et al.Design of Chang’e-4lunar farside soft-landing mission[J].Journal of Deep Space Exploration,2017,4(2):111-117.
[50]NADOUSHAN M J,GHOBADI M,SHAFAEEM.Designing reliable detumbling mission for asteroid mining[J].Acta Astronautica,2020,174:270-280.
[51]DONG Longjun,SUN Daoyuan,SHU Weiwei,et al.Exploration:Safe and clean mining on earth and asteroids[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2020,257:120899.
[52]WIKIPEDIA.Konstantin Tsiolkovsky[EB/OL].(2020-01-01)[2020-01-01].https：//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Tsiolkovsky.
[53]POLLARD M.China completes crucial landing test for first Mars mission in 2020[EB/OL].(2019-12-19)[2019-12-19].https：//www.reuters.com/article/us-space-exploration-china-mars/china-completes-crucial-landing-test-for-first-mars-mission-in-2020-idUSKBN1XO0IQ.
[54]XU Zhigang,ZHU Mingyu.Discussion about division schemes of mineral resources and commodity of China[J].Mineral Deposits,2015,34(6):1321-1345.
[55]王国法,张德生.煤炭智能化综采技术创新实践与发展展望[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(3):459-467.WANG Guofa,ZHANG Desheng.Innovation practice and development prospect of intelligent fully mechanized technology for coal mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2018,47(3):459-467.
[56]葛世荣.深部煤炭化学开采技术[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(4):679-691.GE Shirong.Chemical mining technology for deep coal resources[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(4):679-691.
[57]袁亮,张通,赵毅鑫,等.煤与共伴生资源精准协调开采---以鄂尔多斯盆地煤与伴生特种稀有金属精准协调开采为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(3):449-459.YUAN Liang,ZHANG Tong,ZHAO Yixin,et al.Precise coordinated mining of coal and associated resources:A case of environmental coordinated mining of coal and associated rare metal in Ordos basin[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(3):449-459.
基本信息:
DOI：10.13247/j.cnki.jcumt.001165
中图分类号:TD989
引用信息:
[1]张克非,李怀展,汪云甲等.太空采矿发展现状、机遇和挑战[J],2020,49(06):1025-1034.DOI:10.13247/j.cnki.jcumt.001165.
基金信息:
“双一流”建设自主创新专项项目(2018ZZCX08)